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液(ye)壓(ya)缸結構基本(ben)上可以分(fen)為缸筒和(he)(he)缸蓋、活塞和(he)(he)活塞桿、密封裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、緩沖裝(zhuang)置(zhi)和(he)(he)排氣裝(zhuang)置(zhi)五個部分(fen)。今天威海力建小編著重帶著大(da)家了解一(yi)下缸筒和(he)(he)缸蓋。

 缸筒和(he)缸蓋

一般來(lai)說，缸(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)和缸(gang)蓋的結(jie)構(gou)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)和其使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的材料有關。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作壓(ya)力(li)p＜10MPa時(shi)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵；p＜20MPa時(shi)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)管；p＞20MPa時(shi)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)或(huo)(huo)鍛(duan)鋼(gang)。法(fa)蘭連接(jie)式(shi)(shi)，結(jie)構(gou)簡單，容易加工(gong)(gong)(gong)，也容易裝(zhuang)(zhuang)拆(chai)，但外(wai)(wai)形(xing)尺寸和重(zhong)量都(dou)較大(da)，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵制(zhi)(zhi)的缸(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)上(shang)。半(ban)環(huan)連接(jie)式(shi)(shi)，它的缸(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)壁部(bu)因開(kai)了(le)環(huan)形(xing)槽而削(xue)弱了(le)強度(du)，為(wei)此有時(shi)要(yao)(yao)加厚缸(gang)壁，它容易加工(gong)(gong)(gong)和裝(zhuang)(zhuang)拆(chai)，重(zhong)量較輕，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)管或(huo)(huo)鍛(duan)鋼(gang)制(zhi)(zhi)的缸(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)上(shang)。螺紋連接(jie)式(shi)(shi)，它的缸(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)端(duan)部(bu)結(jie)構(gou)復雜，外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)保證(zheng)內外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)同(tong)心，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)拆(chai)要(yao)(yao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具，它的外(wai)(wai)形(xing)尺寸和重(zhong)量都(dou)較小，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)管或(huo)(huo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)制(zhi)(zhi)的缸(gang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)上(shang)。拉桿(gan)連接(jie)式(shi)(shi)，結(jie)構(gou)的通用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)大(da)，容易加工(gong)(gong)(gong)和裝(zhuang)(zhuang)拆(chai)，但外(wai)(wai)形(xing)尺寸較大(da)，且較重(zhong)。焊接(jie)連接(jie)式(shi)(shi)，結(jie)構(gou)簡單，尺寸小，但缸(gang)底處(chu)內徑(jing)不易加工(gong)(gong)(gong)，且可能引起變(bian)形(xing)。

有(you)異(yi)物進入后，活塞(sai)滑(hua)動表面(mian)的外側如裝有(you)帶唇(chun)緣的密封件(jian)，那么，工作時(shi)密封件(jian)的唇(chun)緣即可刮(gua)動異(yi)物，這對于避免劃傷是有(you)利的。但是裝0形密封圈的活塞(sai)，其兩端是滑(hua)動表面(mian)，異(yi)物夾在此滑(hua)動表面(mian)之間(jian)，容易形成傷痕。

異(yi)物進入缸內的途徑有下列幾種。

① 進(jin)入缸內的(de)異物(wu)

a.由于保管(guan)時不注(zhu)意使油(you)口敞開著，將(jiang)產生(sheng)時刻接受(shou)異物(wu)的(de)條件(jian)，這(zhe)是不允許(xu)的(de)。保管(guan)時必須注(zhu)入防(fang)銹(xiu)油(you)或者工(gong)作油(you)液，并且塞好。

單桿(gan)(gan)活(huo)塞(sai)液壓(ya)缸,由于(yu)無桿(gan)(gan)腔的有效(xiao)工作面(mian)(mian)積大于(yu)有桿(gan)(gan)腔的有效(xiao)工作面(mian)(mian)積,故當缸兩(liang)腔同時接通壓(ya)力油(you)管時,活(huo)塞(sai)(或缸體)仍(reng)能移動(dong),這種連接方(fang)式稱為差動(dong)連接.

差動(dong)連(lian)接時,有效工作面(mian)積相(xiang)當于活塞桿截面(mian)積,適用與輕(qing)載快(kuai)速場合(he).

伸縮式液壓缸

伸(shen)縮(suo)式液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)缸又(you)叫(jiao)多級缸.它(ta)有單作用和(he)雙作用兩種形(xing)式.伸(shen)縮(suo)式液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)缸由兩個(ge)或多個(ge)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)套裝而成,前級活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)缸的(de)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)是后(hou)級活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)缸的(de)缸筒.這種液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)缸在各(ge)級活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)依次(ci)伸(shen)出時(shi)可得到很(hen)大行程,但縮(suo)入后(hou)軸(zhou)向尺寸(cun)很(hen)小(xiao).